Role of vitamins for gastro-intestinal functionality and health of pigs

Several nutritional studies have been performed to improve piglet health and resilience infectious diseases during the lactation post-weaning periods, identify alternatives use of antibiotics antimicrobials as growth promoters. In last decades, pharmacological levels zinc oxide (ZnO) copper frequently used strategies prevent diarrhoea because their antimicrobial activity. However, ZnO was recently banned by EU from 2022 risk promoting Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR). Beyond role essential micronutrients, vitamins share several remarkable activities (antimicrobial, immunological antioxidative) often referred amongst many non-antibiotic feed additives commonly proposed for pigs. very little research scientific emphasis are devoted vitamin nutrition its in gut function livestock. This review discusses how fat-soluble (A, D, E K) water-soluble (B-group C) may influence gastrointestinal (GI) functionality general with specific importance on challenges associated early life pig disease prevention. On basis literature it is suggested that future development alternative medicinal should pay attention GI